Titanium trichloride catalyst and process for the production thereof

ABSTRACT

A titanium trichloride catalytic complex is produced by reducing titanium tetrachloride with an organo-metal compound and then treating the resulting reduced solids product with a chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon having two carbon atoms in the presence of a complexing agent. The resulting titanium trichloride complex composition, when employed as a co-catalyst with an organo-metal compound for Ziegler-type catalysts in polymerization of α-olefins, results in uniform polymer grains with unexpectedly high polymerization activity and high stereoregular polymer yielding ratios.

This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 774,764, filedMar. 7, 1977, and now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of Invention

This invention relates to a titanium trichloride catalyst useful as acatalyst component for the stereoregular polymerization of α-olefins,whereby uniform polymer grains can be given with a high polymerizationactivity and a high stereoregular polymer ratio, and a process forproducing the same.

2. Discussion of Prior Art

As a catalyst used for the stereoregular polymerization of α-olefins, ingeneral, are known halides of transition metal elements of low valency,for example, α-type titanium trichloride obtained by reducing titaniumtetrachloride with hydrogen, an eutectic substance of α-titaniumtrichloride and aluminum chloride, obtained by reducing titaniumtetrachloride with aluminum, δ-type titanium trichloride obtained bycrushing this eutectic substance and the like. As a method of modifyingtitanium trichloride, it has been proposed to add metal halides,alkylaluminum compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers, esters,ketones, etc., optionally followed by grinding. For example, JapanesePatent Application (OPI) No. 59185/1973, published May 30, 1973,describes a method of modifying α-type titanium trichloride by crushingα-type titanium trichloride with halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbontetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane and hexachloroethane.However, this method is disadvantageous in that other type titaniumtrichlorides than α-type titanium trichloride cannot be used,preparation of the catalyst is complicated because of requiring acrushing treatment, etc., and the resulting catalyst is unsatisfactoryin polymerization activity and stereo-regular polymer yielding ratio.

Furthermore, there have been proposed in the art a method comprisingreducing titanium tetrachloride with an organo aluminum compound,treating the thus obtained reduced solid containing titanium trichloridewith a complexing agent to extract and remove the aluminum compounds andthen treating with titanium tetrachloride (Japanese Patent Application(OPI) No. 34478/1972, published Nov. 21, 1972), a method comprisingtreating the same with carbon tetrachloride (Japanese Patent Application(OPI) No. 112289/1975, published Sept. 3, 1975) and a method comprisingreducing titanium tetrachloride with an organo aluminum compound andthen treating the thus obtained reduced solid containing titaniumtrichloride with a mixture of a complexing agent and carbontetrachloride (Japanese Patent Application (OPI) No. 143790/1975,published Nov. 19, 1975).

Furthermore, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,825,524, there is disclosed a processfor producing a titanium trichloride catalyst having high activity whichincludes extracting a crude titanium trichloride composition, obtainedby reducing titanium tetrachloride with an organoaluminum chloride, witha mixed solvent system composed of (i) a main solvent of aliphatic oraromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic chlorinated hydrocarbons ortrichloroethylene, and (ii) an auxilliary solvent, including ethers.

However, the first method wherein the after-treatment is carried outusing titanium tetrachloride is poor economy since an expensive highconcentration solution of titanium tetrachloride is required and thesecond method wherein the aftertreatment is carried out using carbontetrachloride is advantageous in that expensive titanium tetrachloridecan be substituted by cheap carbon tetrachloride, but is not alwayssatisfactory since the yield of titanium trichloride is low due to thetendency of carbon tetrachloride to dissolve titanium trichloride andthe resulting catalyst exhibits a low polymerization activity, lowstereoregular polymer yielding ratio and an unfavorable grain shape ofpolymer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

We, the inventors, have made efforts to obtain a titanium trichloridecatalyst whereby the disadvantages of these known titanium trichloridesor titanium trichloride compositions are overcome and consequently havefound that a titanium trichloride catalyst comprising a titaniumtrichloride-containing reduced solid obtained by reducing titaniumtetrachloride with an organo metal compound, in particular, organoaluminum compound, a chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon having two carbonatoms and a complexing agent can exhibit very excellent properties ofα-olefins. The present invention is based on this finding.

That is to say, the present invention provides a titanium trichloridecatalyst complex comprising a titanium trichloride-containing reducedsolid obtained by reducing titanium tetrachloride with an organo metalcompound, a chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon having two carbon atomsand a complexing agent, which can be prepared by reducing titaniumtetrachloride with an organo metal compound and then treating theresulting product with a chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon having twocarbon atoms in the presence of a complexing agent.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The titanium trichloride-containing reduced solid obtained by reducingtitanium tetrachloride with an organo metal compound according to thepresent invention (which will hereinafter be referred to as "reducedsolid") is a reduced solid substance which color is brown to red violetand which contains metal compounds, for example, aluminum compounds andhas a complicated composition. As the organo metal compound there aregenerally used, individually or in combination, organo aluminumcompounds, organo magnesium compounds and organo zinc compounds (whichwill hereinafter be referred to as "organo metal compounds"). Inparticular, the reduction is preferably conducted by the use of organoaluminum compounds. The reduced solid obtained in this way contains ametal compound or a mixture or complex compound thereof, in particular,an aluminum compound or a mixture or complex compound thereof in uniformstate, which possibly interact with a complexing agent or a chlorinatedsaturated hydrocarbon having two carbon atoms to some extent, thusimproving the catalytic property.

As the above-described organo aluminum compound there is generally usedan organo aluminum compound represented by the general formula R_(n)AlX_(3-n) wherein R represents an alkyl group or aryl group, Xrepresents a halogen atom and n represents a suitable numeral within arange of 1≦n≦3, or a mixture or complex compound thereof. In particular,it is preferable to use alkylaluminum compounds having 1 to 18 carbonatoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as trialkylaluminums,dialkylaluminum halides, monoalkylaluminum dihalides and alkylaluminumsesquihalides, mixtures or complex compounds thereof. Examples of thetrialkylaluminum are trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum andtributylaluminum. Examples of the dialkylaluminum halide aredimethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum chloride, dibutylaluminumchloride, diethylaluminum bromide and diethylaluminum iodide. Examplesof the monoalkylaluminum dihalide are methylaluminum dichloride,ethylaluminum dichloride, butylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminumdibromide and ethylaluminum diiodide. Moreover, ethylaluminumsesquichloride is given as an example of the alkylaluminumsesquichloride. Triethylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride,ethylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride or their mixturesor complex compounds, for example, a mixture of diethylaluminum chlorideand ethylaluminum dichloride is particularly preferable because thesecompounds are readily obtainable commercially and exhibit excellenteffects.

The reduction of titanium tetrachloride is ordinarily carried out byadding the above-described organo metal compound or its solutiondropwise to a solution of titanium tetrachloride dissolved in analiphatic hydrocarbon having 5 to 12 carbon atoms at a temperature offrom -50° C. to +30° C., particularly about -5° C. to about +5° C., fora period of time for 30 minutes to 3 hours and the reverse additionmethod can be employed. The quantity of an organo metal compound used isordinarily 1 to 5 gram atoms as metal per 1 gram atom of titanium. Whentitanium tetrachloride is reduced with diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC)or a mixture of DEAC and ethylaluminum dichloride (EADC), these reagentsare preferably mixed in a molar ratio of TiCl₄ :DEAC=1:1 to 1:5 andTiCl₄ :DEAC:EADC=1:1:0.1 to 1:4:1.2. Furthermore, a mixture of titaniumtetrachloride and an organo metal compound may be aged at a temperatureof 20° to 100° C. for 1 to 3 hours, but this treatment is not alwaysnecessary. Then the resulting reduced solid is separated by a suitablemethod, optionally washed with an inert solvent and optionally dried,e.g., by heating to thus obtain the reduced solid of the invention. Thereduced solid obtained in this way contains in a uniform state 0.2 gramatom or more of a metal compound or a mixture of complex thereof as themetal, for example, aluminum per 1 gram atom of titanium.

The titanium trichloride catalyst complex of the present invention canbe obtained by subjecting the so obtained reduced solid to a treatmentwith a chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon having 2 carbon atoms in thepresence of a complexing agent. As the chlorinated saturated hydrocarbonhaving 2 carbon atoms there can be used hexachloroethane,pentachloroethane, tetrachloroethane, trichloroethane, dichloroethane,monochloroethane and mixtures thereof. Said chlorinated saturatedhydrocarbon having 2 carbon atoms also may be used with otherchlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene,dichloroethylene and chloroethylene. The effect of such a chlorinatedsaturated hydrocarbon increases with the increase of the number ofchlorine atoms. Hexachloroethane, pentachloroethane, tetrachloroethane,and trichloroethane are preferably used and, in particular,hexachloroethane and pentachloroethane are most preferable. Thischlorinated hydrocarbon treatment is carried out by contacting theabove-described reduced solid with a chlorinated saturated hydrocarbonhaving 2 carbon atoms in the presence of a complexing agent, but, inpractice, it is desirable to effect this treatment by adding a mixtureof the chlorinated hydrocarbon, a complexing agent and an inert solventto the reduced solid or an inert solvent containing the reduced solid,since this procedure can be completed in simple manner with effectiveresults. Of course, other methods can be employed, for example, whichcomprise firstly treating the reduced solid with a complexing agent andthen contacting with the chlorinated hydrocarbon, or firstly contactingthe reduced solid with the chlorinated hydrocarbon and then with acomplexing agent. As the method for contacting the reduced solid withthe chlorinated hydrocarbon and/or a complexing agent, it is alsopossible to add the reduced solid or a dispersion of the reduced solidin an inert solvent to the chlorinated hydrocarbon and/or a complexingagent or a mixture thereof with an inert solvent. Furthermore, it ispossible to add the chlorinated hydrocarbon, a complexing agent andoptionally an inert solvent to the reduced solid, followed by crushing.

For the above-described treatment with a chlorinated saturatedhydrocarbon having 2 carbon atoms, there are optimum conditionsdepending on the property, composition and the like of the reducedsolid, but in general, at a low temperature, this treatment should becarried out for a long time and at a high temperature, it can be carriedout for a relatively short time. For example, the treatment time isgenerally 5 minutes to 20 hours at 0° to 170° C., preferably 30 minutesto 20 hours at 20° to 150° C. and more preferably 1 to 10 hours at 50°to 100° C., most preferably at about 60° to about 100° C. for 1 to 10hours, but this is not always necessary.

The quantities of a chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon having 2 carbonatoms and a complexing agent are not particularly limited, but, in thecase of using hexachloroethane, for example, 0.2 to 3.0 mols, preferably0.4 to 2.0 mols of hexachloroethane and 0.1 to 2.5 mols, preferably 0.3to 0.9 mol of a complexing agent are used per 1 gram atom of titanium.

When the reduced solid is treated with a complexing agent and then withthe chlorinated hydrocarbon, for example, hexachloroethane, the contactwith the complexing agent is carried out at 0° to 120° C. for 5 minutesto 8 hours, preferably at 20° to 90° C. for 30 minutes to 3 hours andthen the contact with hexachloroethane is carried out at 20° to 150° C.for 30 minutes to 20 hours, preferably at 50° to 100° C. for 1 to 10hours, and most preferably at about 60° to about 100° C. for about 1 to10 hours. The quantities of a complexing agent and hexachloroethane usedare not particularly limited in this case, but in general, 0.1 to 2.5mols, preferably 0.3 to 0.8 mol of a complexing agent and 0.2 to 3.0mols, preferably 0.4 to 2.0 mols of hexachloroethane are used per 1 gramatom of titanium.

The complexing agent used in the present invention means a compoundcontaining one or more electron donating atoms or groups. That is tosay, ethers, thioethers, thiols, organo phosphorus compounds, organonitrogen compounds, ketones, esters and the like are used as such acompound. Useful examples of the ether are diethyl ether, diisopropylether, di-n-butyl ether, diisobutyl ether, diisoamyl ether,di-2-ethylhexyl ether, di-2-ethylheptyl ether, allyl ethyl ether, allylbutyl ether, diphenyl ether, anisole, phenetole, chloroanisole,bromoanisole, dimethoxybenzene, etc. Useful examples of the thioetherare diethyl thioether, di-n-propyl thioether, dicyclohexyl thioether,diphenyl thioether, ditolyl thioether, ethyl phenyl thioether, propylphenyl thioether, diallyl thioether, etc. Useful examples of the organophosphorus compound are tri-n-butylphosphine, triphenylphosphine,triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, etc. Useful examples of theorgano nitrogen compound are diethylamine, triethylamine, n-propylamine,di-n-propylamine, tri-n-propylamine, aniline, dimethylaniline, etc. Inparticular, ethers are preferably used and, above all, those having 4 to16 carbon atoms are more desirable, especially aliphatic ether compoundshaving 4 to 16 carbon atoms. As the inert solvent there are suitablyused hydrocarbons, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane,hexane, heptane, octane and the like, alicyclic hydrocarbons such ascyclohexane, cyclopentane, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such asbenzene, toluene, and the like, and mixtures thereof.

The so obtained titanium trichloride catalyst of the present inventionis separated from the chlorinated hydrocarbon, complexing agent andinert solvent, optionally washed with an inert solvent and thencontacted with an organo aluminum compound as a cocatalyst inconventional manner as it is or after drying, thus obtaining a catalystfor the polymerization of α-olefins. During the above-describedtreatment-activation step, the titanium trichloride of the reduced solidis converted whereby the so obtained titanium trichloride catalystcontains titanium trichloride of the δ-type, according to theclassification generally adopted (Journal of Polymer Science, 51, 1961,pp. 399-410). The so obtained titanium trichloride catalyst has a violetto purple color.

The titanium trichloride catalyst complex of the present invention canexhibit best catalytic performances when containing a metal compound, inparticular, aluminum compound, a mixture thereof or a complex compoundthereof corresponding to the metal in a proportion of 0.0001 to 0.2 gramatom per 1 gram atom of titanium, a chlorinated saturated 2 carbon atomhydrocarbon, e.g., a chloroethane, in a proportion of 0.005 to 0.2 molper 1 gram atom of titanium and a complexing agent in a proportion of0.005 to 0.2 mol per 1 gram atom of titanium.

The titanium trichloride catalyst of the present invention is ordinarilyused as a catalyst for the polymerization of α-olefins in contact withan organo metal compound which is used as a co-catalyst for theZiegler-type catalyst, for example, monoalkylaluminum dichloride,dialkylaluminum monochloride or trialkylaluminum. If necessary, variouscompounds, for example, complexing agents such as used in the presentinvention can further be added as a third component.

The catalyst for the polymerization of α-olefins consisting of thetitanium trichloride catalyst of the present invention and an organoaluminum compound is very excellent as a catalyst for thehomopolymerization or copolymerization of α-olefins such as propylene,butene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, etc., and can give uniform polymer grainswith a high polymerization activity and a high stereoregular polymerratio in the polymerization of α-olefins in a gaseous phase, liquidmonomer or inert solvent. Therefore, this catalyst will render greatservices to the industry.

The present invention will now be illustrated in detail by the followingExamples in which a reduced solid obtained by reducing titaniumtetrachloride with DEAC or a mixture of DEAC and EADC is used for thesake of convenience, but is not intended to be limited thereby. Thefollowing Examples, namely Examples 1 through 9 and 12 through 24 andall comparative and reference Examples, and Examples 25 through 53 arebased on experiments actually performed and Examples 10 and 11 areextrapolations therefrom.

EXAMPLE 1

700 ml of purified heptane and 250 ml of titanium tetrachloride werecharged into a 2000 ml flask equipped with a stirrer and placed in athermostate kept at 0° C. and mixed. Then a mixture of 315 ml of DEAC(1.1 mol to 1 mol of titanium tetrachloride), 117 ml of EADC (0.5 mol to1 mol of titanium tetrachloride) and 400 ml of purified heptane wasdropwise added to this heptane solution of titanium tetrachloride keptat 0° C. for a period of 3 hours. After the dropwise addition, thereaction mixture was heated for 1 hour to 65° C. while stirring and thestirring was further continued at the same temperature for another hourto obtain a reduced solid. The resulting reduced solid was separated,washed with purified heptane and dried at 65° C. for 30 minutes underreduced pressure. The resulting reduced solid was red violet and theX-ray diffraction spectrum thereof showed that the peak at 2θ=51.3°(δ-type crystal).

25 g of this reduced solid was suspended in 100 ml of purified heptaneto prepare a suspension, to which hexachloroethane was then added in aproportion of 1 mol of hexachloroethane to 1 gram atom of titanium inthe form of a solution containing 25 g of hexachloroethane in 100 ml andfurther di-n-butyl ether was added in a proportion of 0.6 mol ofdi-n-butyl ether to 1 gram atom of titanium, followed by stirring.

The thus mixed liquor was then heated with agitation to 80° C. and heldfor 5 hours, thus obtaining a titanium trichloride catalyst of thepresent invention. The resulting titanium trichloride catalyst wasfurther washed five times with 100 ml of purified heptane and then driedat 65° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a powdered titanium trichloridecatalyst with a yield of 95% as titanium.

The titanium trichloride catalyst obtained in this way containedaluminum compounds corresponding to 0.019 gram atom of aluminum, 0.023mol of di-n-butyl ether and 0.011 mol of hexachloroethane per 1 gramatom of titanium.

A polymerization test was carried out as to a polymerization catalystusing the titanium trichloride catalyst of the present invention. 100 mgof the titanium trichloride catalyst and DEAC in a proportion of 4 molsto 1 gram atom of titanium were charged in a 1000 ml autoclave, intowhich 600 ml (normal state) of hydrogen and then 800 ml of liquidpropylene were introduced. The contents in the autoclave was heated at68° C. and polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes. Thereafter,the unreacted propylene was removed and then removal of the catalyst wascarried out in conventional manner, by contacting the polymer withatmospheric moisture and by drying under vacuum, to obtain 204 g ofpolypropylene powder having a bulk density of 0.45 g/cc (ASTM D-1895,method A). Therefore, the polymerization activity (g of formed polymerper 1 g of catalyst, i.e., catalytic efficiency E) was 2040. The meltflow rate of this polypropylene (Melt Flow Rate--ASTM D 1238, hereafterreferred to as MFR) was 4.9. The heptane-insoluble content (hereafterreferred to as HI) of this polypropylene was 98% measured by extractingwith heptane for 5 hours using a Soxhlet extractor. These results areshown in Table I. In this table, P.S.D. index is an index to show theparticle size distribution of a polymer powder calculated by thefollowing formula:

P.S.D. Index=log (particle diameter (μ) at 90% of integral particlediameter distribution curve/particle diameter (μ) at 10% of integralparticle diameter distribution curve).

Comparative Example 1

A polymerization test was carried out in the similar manner to Example 1except using a reduced solid not treated with hexachloroethane anddi-n-butyl ether in place of the titanium trichloride catalyst used inExample 1, thus obtaining results shown in Table I. It is apparent fromthis result that the performance of the titanium trichloride catalyst isremarkably improved by the treatment with hexachloroethane according tothe present invention.

Comparative Example 2

A polymerization test was carried out using a reduced solid treated inthe similar manner to Example 1 except that hexachloroethane was notused, thus obtaining results shown in Table I. It is apparent from thisresult that it is important for the present invention to usehexachloroethane.

Comparative Example 3

When a reduced solid was treated in the similar manner to Example 1except that di-n-butyl ether (complexing agent) was not used, thereduced solid became massive. The reduced solid was subjected to atreatment with hexachloroethane, as in Example 1, at a treatmenttemperature of 35° C. for a treatment time of 16 hours without using thecomplexing agent, thus obtaining a titanium trichloride catalyst. Usingthis catalyst, a polymerization test was carried out in the similarmanner to Example 1 to obtain a powdered polypropylene with E=400 andHI=94%.

It is apparent from the above-described result that it is important forthe titanium trichloride catalyst of the present invention to treat areduced solid with hexachloroethane in the presence of a complexingagent.

EXAMPLES 2 TO 5

A polymerization test was carried out using a titanium trichloridecatalyst obtained by the same procedure as that of Example 1 exceptvarying the temperature and period of time when the reduced solid ofExample 1 was treated with hexachloroethane, thus obtaining results asshown in Table I.

                                      Table I                                     __________________________________________________________________________                    Example                   Comparative Example                                 1     2    3    4    5    1   2                               __________________________________________________________________________    Complexing Agent                                                                              Di-n-Butyl                                                                          "    "    "    "    --  Di-n-Butyl                                      Ether                         Ether                           Mol of Complexing Agent                                                                       0.6   "    "    "    "    --  0.6                             per 1 Gram Atom of Ti                                                         Mole of Hexachloroethane                                                                      1     "    "    "    "    --  --                              per 1 Gram Atom of Ti                                                         Treatment Temperature (0°  C.)                                                         80    65   "    80   90   --  80                              Treatment Time (hr)                                                                           5     2    5    2    2    --  5                               E               2040  1660 1690 1700 1830 410 760                             HI              98    96   97   97   98   77  68                              MFR             4.9   6.1  5.1  4.8  7.1  9.0 6.8                             Bulk Density (g/cc)                                                                           0.45  0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.32                                                                              0.29                            PSD Index       0.20  0.19 0.19 0.21 0.20 0.93                                                                              0.49                            Per 1 Mol of Catalyst Solid                                                    Mol of Complexing Agent                                                                      0.023 0.019                                                                              0.010                                                                              0.022                                                                              0.018                                                                              --  0.09                             Mol of Aluminum Compound                                                                     0.019 0.018                                                                              0.021                                                                              0.016                                                                              0.015                                                                              0.54                                                                              0.11                             Mol of Hexachloroethane                                                                      0.011 0.012                                                                              0.30 0.027                                                                              0.033                                                                              --  --                              __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLES 6 TO 11

A titanium trichloride catalyst was prepared and a polymerization testwas carried out in the similar manner to Example 1 except varying thequantity and variety of the complexing agent when the reduced solid wastreated with hexachloroethane as in Example 1, thus obtaining results asshown in Table II.

                                      Table II                                    __________________________________________________________________________                    Example                                                                       6     7    8     9     10    11                               __________________________________________________________________________    Complexing Agent                                                                              di-n-Butyl                                                                          "    Di-n-Amyl                                                                           Diisoamyl                                                                           Di-n-Hep-                                                                           Di-2-Ethyl-                                      Ether      Ether Ether tyl Ether                                                                           hexyl Ether                      Mol of Complexing Agent                                                                       0.3   0.9  0.6   Diisoamyl                                                                           Di-n-Hep-                                                                           Di-2-Ethyl-                      per 1 Gram Atom of Ti            Ether tyl Ether                                                                           hexyl Ether                      Mol of Hexachloroethane                                                                       1     "    "     Diisoamyl                                                                           Di-n-Hep-                                                                           Di-2-Ethyl-                      per 1 Gram Atom of Ti            Ether tyl Ether                                                                           hexyl Ether                      Treatment Temperature (0° C.)                                                          80    "    "     Diisoamyl                                                                           D-n-Hep-                                                                            Di-2-Ethyl-                                                       Ether tyl Ether                                                                           hexyl Ether                      Treatment Time (hr)                                                                           5     0.9  0.6   Diisoamyl                                                                           Di-n-Hep-                                                                           Di-2-Ethyl-                                                       Ether tyl Ether                                                                           hexyl Ether                      E               1490  1790 1640  2040  1890  1680                             HI              97    98   97    97    96    97                               MFR             4.6   4.8  6.3   5.1   5.0   5.9                              Bulk Density (g/cc)                                                                           0.46  0.46 0.45  0.45  0.43  0.46                             Per 1 Mol of Catalyst Solid                                                    Mol of Complexing Agent                                                                      0.020 0.083                                                                              0.024 0.026 0.048 0.032                             Mol of Aluminum Compound                                                                     0.12  0.017                                                                              0.023 0.014 0.031 0.024                              Mol of Hexachloroethane                                                                     0.012 0.018                                                                              0.017 0.010 0.020 0.018                            __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLES 12 TO 15

A titanium trichloride catalyst was prepared and a polymerization testwas carried out in the similar manner to Example 1 except varying thequantity of hexachloroethane used when the reduced solid was treatedwith hexachloroethane as in Example 1, thus obtaining the results shownin Table III.

                                      Table III                                   __________________________________________________________________________                    Example                                                                       12    13   14   15                                            __________________________________________________________________________    Complexing Agent                                                                              Di-n-Butyl                                                                          "    "    "                                                             Ether                                                         Mol of Complexing Agent                                                                       0.6   "    "    "                                             per 1 Gram Atom of Ti                                                         Mol of Hexachloroethane                                                                       0.5   0.8  1.5  2.0                                           per 1 Gram Atom of Ti                                                         Treatment Temperature (0° C.)                                                          80    "    "    "                                             Treatment Time (hr)                                                                           5     "    "    "                                             E               1690  1860 2010 1790                                          HI              97    98   97   98                                            MFR             5.4   6.3  4.8  4.9                                           Bulk Density (g/cc)                                                                           0.46  0.45 0.46 0.44                                          Per 1 Mol of Catalyst Solid                                                    Mol of Complexing Agent                                                                      0.020 0.029                                                                              0.049                                                                              0.013                                          Mol of Aluminum Compound                                                                     0.018 0.017                                                                              0.022                                                                              0.032                                          Mol of Hexachloroethane                                                                      0.010 0.020                                                                              0.012                                                                              0.024                                         __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 16

A titanium trichloride catalyst was prepared in the similar manner toExample 1 except that titanium tetrachloride was reduced with DEAC only.This titanium trichloride catalyst contained aluminum compoundscorresponding to 0.021 gram atom of aluminum, 0.018 mol of butyl etherand 0.020 mol of hexachloroethane per 1 gram atom of titanium.

Using the so obtained titanium trichloride catalyst, a polymerizationtest was carried out in the similar manner to Example 1, thus obtaininga powdered polypropylene with E=1590, HI=97%, MFR=6.3 and bulkdensity=0.44 g/cc.

EXAMPLE 17

A polymerization test was carried out in the similar manner to Example1, using the titanium trichloride catalyst obtained in Example 1 butadjusting the polymerization temperature to 73° C. and thepolymerization time to 3 hours, thus obtaining a powdered polypropylenewith E=12,000, HI=96%, MFR=5.3 and bulk density=0.44 g/cc.

EXAMPLE 18

The reduced solid obtained in Example 1 was suspended in 100 ml ofpurified heptane, mixed with di-n-butyl ether in a proportion of 0.6 molto 1 gram atom of titanium and kept at 35° C. for 1 hour. The reducedsolid was separated therefrom, mixed with hexachloroethane in aproportion of 1 mol to 1 gram atom of titanium in the form of a solutioncontaining 25 g of hexachloroethane in 100 ml of heptane and heated at80° C. for 5 hours to obtain a titanium trichloride catalyst, followedby washing and drying in an analogous manner to Example 1. Using thistitanium trichloride catalyst, a polymerization test was carried out inthe same manner as that of Example 1, thus obtaining a polypropylenepowder with E=1500, HI=97%, MFR=3.8 and bulk density of 0.45 g/cc.

EXAMPLE 19

A titanium trichloride catalyst was prepared and a polymerization testwas carried out in an analogous manner to Example 1 except usingpentachloroethane in place of the hexachloroethane of Example 1, thusobtaining a powdered polypropylene with E=1579 and HI=97%.

EXAMPLE 20

A titanium trichloride catalyst was prepared and a polymerization testwas carried out in an analogous manner to Example 1 except using1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in place of the hexachloroethane of Example 1,thus obtaining a powdered polypropylene with E=1310 and HI=92%.

EXAMPLE 21

A titanium trichloride catalyst was prepared and a polymerization testwas carried out using the titanium trichloride catalyst, in an analogousmanner to Example 1 except using tetrachloroethylene in place of thehexachloroethane of Example 1, thus obtaining a powdered polypropylenewith only E=1080 and HI=90%.

EXAMPLE 22

A titanium trichloride catalyst was prepared and a polymerization testwas carried out using the titanium trichloride catalyst, in an analogousmanner to Example 1 except using 1,2-dichloroethane in place of thehexachloroethane of Example 1, thus obtaining polypropylene powder withE=1250 and HI=92%.

EXAMPLE 23

The reduced solid obtained in Example 1 was suspended in heptane toprepare a suspension, to which di-n-butyl ether was added in aproportion of 0.6 mol to 1 gram atom of titanium, and the mixture wasstirred at 65° C. for 1 hour. Then hexachloroethane in a proportion of 1mol per 1 gram atom of titanium was added thereto in the form of thesame solution as that of Example 1 and heated at 80° C. for 4 hours.Thereafter, the procedure of Example 1 was repeated to prepare acatalyst and then to effect a polymerization test using the same, thusobtaining a result with E=1950 and HI=98.1%.

EXAMPLE 24

Preparation of a titanium trichloride catalyst and polymerization testusing the titanium trichloride catalyst were carried out in the similarmanner to Example 1, except that, in place of the hexachloroethane anddi-n-butyl ether used for the treatment of the reduced solid in Example1, 0.6 mol of di-n-butyl ether, 1 mol of hexachloroethane and 0.3 mol oftetrachloroethylene were added and mixed with agitation, thus obtainingresults of a titanium trichloride yield of 97% as titanium, E=2100,HI=98%, MFR=5.0 and bulk density=0.46 g/cc.

Reference Example 1

When 25 g of the reduced solid obtained in Example 1 was suspended in100 ml of purified heptane, mixed with butyl ether in a proportion of 1mol to 1 gram atom of titanium and carbon tetrachloride in a proportionof 4 mols to 1 gram atom of titanium and heated at 80° C. for 5 hours inan analogous manner to Example 1, the most part of titanium trichloridein the reduced solid was dissolved and the yield of a titaniumtrichloride catalyst was 5% as titanium. This catalyst was brown.

Reference Example 2

25 g of the reduced solid obtained in Example 1 was suspended in 100 mlof purified heptane, mixed with 1 mol of butyl ether and 4 mols ofcarbon tetrachloride per 1 gram atom of titanium and heated at 35° C.for 4 hours in an analogous manner to Example 1 to obtain a titaniumtrichloride catalyst. In this case, the titanium trichloride was alsodissolved and the yield of the catalyst was only 40%. This catalyst wasblack brown.

Using the so obtained catalyst, a polymerization test was carried out inan analogous manner to Example 1, thus obtaining a powderedpolypropylene with E=400, HI=85% and bulk density of 0.3 g/cc.

Reference Example 3

25 g of the reduced solid obtained in Example 1 was suspended in 100 mlof purified heptane, mixed with di-n-butyl ether in a proportion of 1mol to 1 gram atom of titanium and kept at 35° C. for 1 hour. Then thereduced solid was separated therefrom, suspended in 100 ml of purifiedheptane, mixed with carbon tetrachloride in a proportion of 4 mols to 1gram of titanium and kept at 35° C. for 16 hours, thus obtaining atitanium trichloride catalyst with a yield of 40%.

Using this titanium trichloride catalyst, a polymerization test wascarried out in an analogous manner to Example 1, thus obtaining apowdered polypropylene with E=670, HI=84.5% and bulk density=0.33 g/cc.

EXAMPLES 25-27

25. (a) Two batches of titanium trichloride reduced solids material wereprepared by the following procedure. 225 ml of refined dry n-dodecaneand 55 ml titanium tetrachloride were introduced into a 1 l. flask underan argon atmosphere. The TiCl₄ solution was then cooled to -5° C. Anhomogeneous solution which was made from 350 ml dry n-dodecane and 115ml of Al(C₂ H₅)₁.5 Cl₁.5, was added slowly into the flask under stirringfor a period of three hours. During the addition process, thetemperature of the reaction system was kept the same. The reactionmixture was further continuously stirred with the same temperature keptfor an additional 2 hours to complete the reducing reaction. After thereduction reaction, the liquid phase was separated and the solid waswashed 8 times with dry n-heptane to obtain 94.5 g and 98.5 g,respectively of reddish purple reduced solid material.

(b) 25 g of the reduced solid material was then suspended in 330 mln-hexane. A mixed solution of 105 ml di-n-butyl ether and 193 ml ofcarbon tetrachloride was then added slowly to the suspension at 30° C.under continuous stirring. The amount of di-n-butyl ether used was 1.0mol ratio to the titanium trichloride of the reduced solid material andthe amount of carbon tetrachloride used was 4.0 mol ratio to thetitanium trichloride. After the reaction addition the reactants werekept for 4 hours at the same temperature under stirring. The resultingformed solid was separated from the liquid phase and washed 8 times withn-hexane to obtain a purple solid catalyst. The amount of solid catalystrecovered equaled 52 wt.%, based upon the amount of reduced solidmaterial used (Cat. Yield).

A polymerization test was then carried out in accordance with theprocedure set forth in Example 1 utilizing 100 mg of the titaniumtrichloride catalyst of (b). The results are set forth in Table IVbelow.

26. 25 g of the reduced solid material obtained from the reduction step(a) of Example 25 was treated by repeating the treatment procedure (b)of Example 25, except hexachloroethane was substituted for carbontetrachloride. The same mol ratios of di-n-butyl ether (1.0 mol ratio tothe titanium trichloride) and chlorinated hydrocarbon (4.0hexachloroethane mol ratio to the titanium trichloride) was used.However, additional n-hexane diluent had to be added to dissolve thesolid hexachloroethane at the amount employed. Consequently, the slurryconcentration of the reduction product was forced to be lowered to 38g/l, as compared to slurry concentration in Example 25 (b), which was180 g/l. The same treatment conditions were employed (30° C., 4 hr.,continuous stirring) and the solid formed was separated and washed inthe same manner, all as described in Example 25 (b). The recovered solidcatalyst yield was 100 wt.%, based upon amount of reduced solid materialtreated. A polymerization test was carried out in accordance withExample 1 utilizing 100 mg of the obtained catalyst. The results are setforth in the following Table IV.

27. 25 g of the reduced solid material obtained from the reduction step(a) of Example 25 was treated by again repeating the treatment procedure(b) of Example 25, except that 1,2 -dichloroethane was used in place ofCarbon tetrachloride. A polymerization test in accordance with Example 1was carried out using 100 mg of the obtained catalyst, the results beingset forth in Table IV.

                                      TABLE IV                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Ex.    Activation Cat.    HI                                                  No.                                                                              R.S.                                                                              Treatment  Yield                                                                             E   (%)                                                                              B.D.                                                                              MFR                                          __________________________________________________________________________    25 25(a)                                                                             1.0 n-BE + 4.0 CCl.sub.4 ;                                                                52 1450                                                                              95.7                                                                             0.384                                                                              1.8                                                30° C., 4 hrs.                                                  26 25(a)                                                                             1.0 n-BE + 4.0 C.sub.2 Cl.sub.6 ;                                                        100 640 58.6                                                                             CNM 11.2                                                30° C., 4 hrs.                                                  27 25(a)                                                                             1.0 n-BE + 4.0                                                                           100 590 53.4                                                                             CNM 12.5                                                C.sub.2 H.sub.4 Cl.sub.2 ; 30° C., 4 hrs.                       __________________________________________________________________________     Polymerization Test: Per Example 1 (C.sub.3 = bulk, 68° C., 0.5        hr., DEAC/Ti = 4 mol/mol, H.sub.2 added)                                      R.S. = reduced solids used                                                    Cat. Yield = wt. % of catalyst recovered after activationtreatment, based     on reduced solids used                                                        E = catalyst polymerization activity, gramspolymer/grams-catalyst             B.D. = bulk density (g/cc)                                                    MFR = melt flow rate (g/10 min)                                               CNM = could not be measured                                              

The results in Table IV show the catalyst produced in Example 25 didexhibit suitable polymerization activity and heptane insolublesperformance. However, the activation-treatment procedure of Example 25resulted in recovery in only 52 wt.% of active catalyst, based uponamount of reduced solids employed. Moreover, the bulk density of thepolymer produced was only 0.38 which, as described more particularlybelow, is significantly inferior to that obtained by catalysts of thepresent invention.

The results of Examples 26 and 27 set forth in Table IV show that use ofhexachloroethane or dichloroethane in the treatment process of Example25 does not produce a catalyst of acceptable catalytic performance withrespect to any measurements.

EXAMPLES 28 AND 29

28. (a) A reduced solids product was produced specifically in accordancewith the procedure described in Example 1, using 125 ml TiCl₄ in 350 mln-heptane and 158 ml DEAC with 59 ml EADC in 200 ml n-heptane (4:1 molratio). 205 g of reduced solids product was recovered.

(b) 25 g of the above-reduced solids product was then treated withhexachloroethane and di-n-butyl ether by repeating the proceduredescribed in Example 1 (1 mol hexachloroethane per 1 g atom of titaniumand 0.6 mol di-n-butyl ether per 1 g atom of titanium; 80° C., 5 hrs.).Catalyst yield (wt.%, based upon reduced solids used) equaled 85 wt.%.

A polymerization test was then carried out in accordance with theprocedure set forth in Example 1, utilizing 100 mg of the titaniumtrichloride catalyst of (b). The results are set forth in Table V below.

29. 25 g of the reduced solid product obtained from the reduction step(a) of Example 28 was treated by repeating the treatment procedure (b)of Example 28, except carbon tetrachloride was substituted forhexachloroethane. The same mol ratios of di-n-butyl ether (0.6 mol per 1g atom of titanium) and chlorinated hydrocarbon (1.0 mol carbontetrachloride per 1 g atom titanium was used. The same treatmentconditions were employed (80° C., 5 hrs.). The recovered solid catalystyield only equaled 11 wt.%. A polymerization test in accordance withExample 1 was attempted on the obtained catalyst. The polymerizationtest resulted in production of a residue containing very little solidpolypropylene for which heptane insolubles and bulk density measurementscould not be obtained, as set forth in Table V.

                                      TABLE V                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Ex.    Activation Cat.   HI                                                   No.                                                                              R.S.                                                                              Treatment  Yield                                                                             E  (%) B.D.                                                                              MFR                                          __________________________________________________________________________    28 28(a)                                                                             0.6 n-BE + 1.0 C.sub.2 Cl.sub.6 ;                                                        85  2220                                                                             99.0                                                                              0.460                                                                             2.2                                                 80° C., 5 hrs.                                                  29 28(a)                                                                             0.6 n-BE + 1.0 CCl.sub.4 ;                                                               11    0                                                                              CNM CNM --                                                  80° C., 5 hrs.                                                  __________________________________________________________________________     See footnotes of Table IV.                                               

A comparison of the results set forth in Table V show that substitutionof carbon tetrachloride for the C₂ chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon inthe activation-treatment of the present invention does not produce anactive α-olefin polymerization catalyst. As shown by Example 29, use ofcarbon tetrachloride for activation-treatment at 80° C. for 5 hoursresulted in an almost complete loss of titanium trichloride catalystmaterial. Moreover, that recovered was essentially useless for α-olefinpolymerization. The results of Example 28 confirm the repeatability ofExample 1 in producing a highly active α-olefin catalyst having superiorcatalytic performance and which produces a polymer having a bulk density(0.460 g/cc) superior to commercially available catalyst (specifiedhereafter).

EXAMPLES 30-34

30. 25 g of reduced solid product produced in Example 28 (a) (inaccordance with Example 1) was treated according to the procedure ofExample 25 (b). The treated catalyst yield equaled only 65 wt.% Apolymerization test according to Example 1 was carried out using 100 mgof the treated catalyst, the results of which are set forth in Table VI.

31. 25 g of the reduced solid material obtained in Example 25 (a) wastreated according to the procedure of Example 28 (b). The resultingcatalyst yield equaled 87 wt.%. A polymerization test according toExample 1 was carried out using 100 mg of the treated catalyst, theresults of which are set forth in Table VI.

32, 33 and 34. Three polymerization tests according to Example 1 werecarried out, respectively, using, as the titanium catalyst component,100 mg samples of the reduced solids material obtained from Example 25(a), Example 28 (a), and a commercial ball-milled polypropylene catalystobtained from Toyo Stauffer Company, Tokyo, Japan, under the tradename"AA" Catalyst. The results of the polymerization test are set forth inTable VI.

                  TABLE VI                                                        ______________________________________                                        Ex.         Activation  Cat.       HI                                         No.  R.S.   Treatment   Yield E    (%)  B.D. MFR                              ______________________________________                                        30   28(a)  1.0 n-BE +  65    640  85.1 0.280                                                                              8.3                                          4.0 CCl.sub.4 ;                                                               30° C., 4 hrs.                                             31   25(a)  0.6 n-BE +  87    1910 98.5 0.350                                                                              2.9                                          1.0 C.sub.2 Cl.sub.6 ;                                                        80° C., 5 hrs.                                             32   25(a)  none        --    480  71.9 0.342                                                                              18.1                             33   28(a)  none        --    410  74.1 0.330                                                                              20.0                             34   --     commercial                                                                    "AA"        --    550  95.5 0.375                                                                              4.2                                          catalyst                                                          ______________________________________                                         See footnotes of Table IV                                                

In Table VI, the results of Example 30 show use of theactivation-treatment procedure of Example 25 (b) (di-n-butyl ether+CCl₄; 30° C., 4 hrs.), when used to activate the reduced solids producedaccording to Example 28 (a) resulted in only 65% catalyst yield and thatthe resulting catalyst did not have satisfactory catalyst performance,both from the standpoint of catalyst activity and heptane insolubles.Compare Example 30 to Example 28, above, wherein the same reduced solidsproduct was activated according to the present invention.

It will also be noted that, in Example 30, the activation treatmentusing carbon tetrachloride (per Example 25) resulted in a catalyst whichproduced a polymer product having only 0.280 g/cc bulk density, which issignificantly lower than the bulk density of polymer produced usingcommercially available catalyst (Example 34, bulk density=0.375 g/cc).Moreover, the bulk density of polymer produced using a reduced solid ofExample 28 (a) without an activation treat was 0.33 g/cc (Example 33). Acomparison of Examples 30 and 33 show the activation treat using carbontetrachloride in fact resulted in damaging the catalyst particleproperties, i.e., particle porosity, shape, size, size distribution, andthe life very much inasmuch as, as is known in the art, bulk density ofresulting polymer product corresponds to titanium catalyst componentparticle properties. On the other hand, as shown by Example 28, above,the activation procedure of the present invention resulted in a catalysthaving significantly improved catalyst particle properties as comparedto the reduced solids (Example 33) and commercial "AA" catalyst (Example34). Such bulk density comparative data confirms catalysts of thepresent invention (e.g., Example 28) are different from catalystsproduced by an activation treatment using carbon tetrachloride under lowtemperature conditions (e.g., Example 30).

A comparison of the bulk density data of Examples 25, 31, 32 and 34 showthat the reduced solids obtained in Example 25 (a) did not lend toproduction of catalysts having superior particle properties as comparedto commercially available catalyst. Nevertheless, activation-treatmentof the reduced solids of Example 25 (a) according to the presentinvention did result in obtaining high yields (87 wt.%) of catalysthaving extremely good catalyst activity and exhibiting high heptaneinsolubles performance (Example 31), superior to that obtained by theactivation procedure of Example 25.

EXAMPLES 35-39

A series of more severe polymerization tests were carried out employingthe catalysts produced in Examples 25 and 28, the reduced solidsproduced in Examples 25 (a) and 28 (a) and a commercial ball-milledpolypropylene catalyst obtained from Toyo Stauffer Company, Tokyo,Japan, under the tradename "AA". Each polymerization test was carriedout in the following manner.

A magnetic driven 2 l. autoclave was dried thoroughly and displacedseveral times with dry nitrogen gas. 0.1 mmol (15 mg) of solid catalystcomponent and 1 mmol of DEAC were introduced into the autoclave underrefined nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then 0.5 Kg H₂ gas was introduced.Liquid propylene, 700 g, was introduced and the temperature of thesystem was raised to 70° C. and kept at this temperature for 3 hours forthe polymerization. At the completion of the polymerization, the excesspropylene was exhausted and resulting polypropylene powder recovered.Catalytic activity, heptane insolubles, bulk density and MFR weredetermined according to Example 1. The results are set forth in thefollowing Table VII.

                  TABLE VII                                                       ______________________________________                                                                   HI                                                 Ex. No.  Cat.      E       (%)   B.D.   MFR                                   ______________________________________                                        35       Ex. 25    5130    87.9  0.386  0.10                                  36       Ex. 28    7400    98.6  0.453  0.12                                  37       Ex. 25(a) 1230    64.9  CNM                                          38       Ex. 28(a) 1670    66.6  CNM                                          39       "AA"      2290    91.7  0.401                                        ______________________________________                                         Polymerization Test: C.sub.3 = bulk, 70° C., 3 hrs., DEAC/Ti = 10      mol/mol, H.sub.2 added.                                                       See footnotes of Table IV.                                               

The results of Table VII confirm that even under severe polymerizationconditions of high temperature and long residence time a catalyst of thepresent invention exhibits superior catalyst polymerization performance.Example 36 shows that, under the polymerization conditions, the catalystof Example 28 had high polymerization activity while maintaining heptaneinsolubles and bulk density measurements. On the other hand, Example 35shows that, under the severe polymerization conditions the catalyst ofExample 25 lost heptane insolubles (compare Examples 35 and 25).Moreover, a comparison of the bulk density data of Table VII shows acatalyst of the present invention has superior catalyst particleproperties which confirms the catalysts are different (compare Examples36 and 35). It will be noted that the catalyst used in Example 35 underthe severe polymerization conditions resulted in a polymer producthaving a bulk density lower than that of commercial "AA" catalyst(Example 39).

EXAMPLES 40-42

Titanium trichloride catalysts were prepared and polymerization testswere carried out by repeating Example 25, except in the activation step25 (b), temperatures of 50° C., 60° C. and 70° C. were respectivelyemployed. The results obtained are set forth in Table VIII.

                  TABLE VIII                                                      ______________________________________                                        Ex.         Activation   Cat.       HI                                        No.  R.S.   Treatment    Yield E    (%) B.D. MFR                              ______________________________________                                        40   25(a)  1.0 n-BE + 4.0                                                                             17    1340 98.2                                                                              0.30 2.4                                          CCl.sub.4 ;                                                                   50° C., 4 hrs.                                             41   25(a)  1.0 n-BE + 4.0                                                                              4      4  CNM CNM  CNM                                          CCl.sub.4 ;                                                                   60° C., 4 hrs.                                             42   25(a)  1.0 n-BE + 4.0                                                                              3      4  CNM CNM  CNM                                          CCl.sub.4 ;                                                                   70° C., 4 hrs.                                             ______________________________________                                         See footnotes of Table IV.                                               

As shown by the results of Example 40, the activation procedure ofExample 25, using carbon tetrachloride, at 50° C. did result inproduction of a catalyst having high polymerization performance withrespect to activity and heptane insolubles. However, the treatment usedresulted in recovery of only 17 wt.% solid catalyst which confirmedsubstantial loss of the reduced solids material during activation.Moreover, the polymer product had a bulk density of 0.30 g/cc which,when compared to Example 25, shows damage to catalyst particleproperties. The results of Examples 41 and 42 confirm the resultsobtained in Example 29 to show that utilization of carbon tetrachlorideat these activation treatment temperatures would be inoperable forproduction of a titanium catalyst component for α-olefin polymerization.

EXAMPLES 43-45

Titanium trichloride catalysts were prepared and polymerizations werecarried out by repeating Example 28, except in the activation step of 28(b), temperatures of 50° C., 60° C. and 70° C. were respectivelyemployed. Results obtained are set forth in Table IX.

                  TABLE IX                                                        ______________________________________                                        Ex.         Activation   Cat.      HI                                         No.  R.S.   Treatment    Yield                                                                              E    (%)  B.D. MFR                              ______________________________________                                        43   28(a)  1.0 n-BE + 1.0                                                                             100   550 74.0 0.27 19.6                                         C.sub.2 Cl.sub.6 ;                                                            50° C., 5 hrs.                                             44   28(a)  1.0 n-BE + 1.0                                                                             100  1340 96.1 0.42 5.6                                          C.sub.2 Cl.sub.6 ;                                                            60° C., 5 hrs.                                             45   28(a)  1.0 n-BE + 1.0                                                                             100  1700 98.2 0.45 3.0                                          C.sub.2 Cl.sub.6 ;                                                            70° C., 5 hrs.                                             ______________________________________                                         See footnotes of Table IV.                                               

The results of Example 43 show that, under the specific treatmentconditions employed, i.e., 50° C. for 5 hours using hexachloroethane anddi-n-butyl ether, the treatment did not result in obtaining a titaniumtrichloride catalyst having high catalytic performance. However, theresults of Example 44 and 45 confirm catalysts with superior catalyticperformance can be obtained according to the present invention attreatment temperatures as low as about 60° C.

EXAMPLES 46-51

46. (a) A titanium trichloride reduced solids product was prepared asfollows. A separable 2 liter flask, equipped with a stirrer, a droppingfunnel, a thermometer, an inlet for nitrogen and an outlet for waste gaswas charged with 1.5 liters of iso-octane. This system was thensubstituted with nitrogen. 132 ml of titanium tetrachloride were addedto the flask and 110 ml of Et₃ At₂ Cl₃ was added dropwise at 0° C. over1 hour under stirring from the dropping funnel. After completion of thedropwise addition, the temperature was raised to 40° C. for 10 hours.The resulting solids were withdrawn by decantation and washed 4 timeswith nitrogen-substituted hexane. With use of a glass filter, the solidswere separated into a hexane-insoluble solid and the hexane washingliquor. The solid was dried under reduced pressure at room temperatureto obtain a trichloride reduced solids composition (A-3).

(b) A portion of the reduced solids product A-3 was then treated by thefollowing extraction washing step. A 500 ml separable flask equippedwith a stirrer, a thermometer, an inlet for nitrogen and an outlet forwaste gas was charged with 50 g of the titanium trichloride reducedsolids composition A-3, and 300 ml of nitrogen-substituted toluene wereadded thereto. The temperature was raised to 70° C. under agitation andthen anisole was added in an amount such that the molar ratio of anisoleto titanium trichloride catalyst composition based on titanium was 0.5.The extraction was conducted at 70° C. for 2 hours. The extract andextraction residue were then separated in a nitrogen atmosphere with aG-3 glass filter, and the extraction residue on the filter was washed 3times with 150 ml of nitrogen-substituted toluene and dried underreduced pressure to obtain a titanium trichloride catalyst. Apolymerization test in accordance with Example 1 was conducted using 100mg of the catalyst, whereby 62.6 g of polypropylne was obtained. Theresults of the test are set forth in Table X.

47. (a) The preparation of a titanium trichloride reduced solidscomposition (A-3) in accordance with Example 46 (a) was repeated. Thistitanium trichloride composition (A-3) was then suspended in iso-octaneand heated at 140° C. for 2 hours. The resulting solids were withdrawnby decantation and washed 4 times with nitrogen-substituted hexane. Withthe use of a glass filter, the solids were separated into ahexane-insoluble solid and the hexane washing liquor. The solid wasdried under reduced pressure at room temperature to obtain the titaniumtrichloride composition A-5.

(b) The titanium trichloride composition A-5 was then treated accordingto the extraction washing step of Example 46 (b), using toluene andanisole as described therein to obtain a titanium trichloride catalyst.A polymerization test according to Example 1 was then conducted, whereby35.5 g of polypropylene was recovered. The test results are set forth inTable X.

48. A titanium trichloride composition was prepared in accordance withthe procedures of Example 47 (a). This titanium trichloride composition(A-5) was then treated according to the extraction washing stepprocedure of Example 46 (b), except that chlorobenzene was used insteadof toluene as the main solvent to obtain a titanium trichloridecatalyst. A polymerization test according to Example 1 was thenconducted, with 31.7 g polypropylene obtained. The test results are setforth in Table X.

49. A titanium trichloride composition was prepared in accordance withthe procedure of Example 47 (a). This titanium trichloride composition(A-5) was then treated by the extraction washing step according toExample 46 (b), except that trichloroethylene was used instead oftoluene as the main solvent to obtain a titanium trichloride catalyst. Apolymerization test according to Example 1 was then conducted, with 36.6g polypropylene obtained. The test results are set forth in Table X.

50 and 51. Titanium Trichloride catalysts were prepared, respectively,according to the procedures of Examples 48 and 49, except thatdi-n-butyl ether was used in place of anisole in the respectiveextraction washing treatment steps. Results of the polymerization testsusing the titanium trichloride catalysts obtained are set forth in TableX.

                                      TABLE X                                     __________________________________________________________________________             Extraction Wash     Cat.   HI                                        Ex. No.                                                                            R.S.                                                                              Treatment           Yield                                                                             E  (%)                                                                              B.D.                                   __________________________________________________________________________    46   46(a)                                                                             0.5 Anisole in toluene, 70° C., 2 hrs.                                                     100 625                                                                              85.9                                                                             0.228                                       A-3                                                                      47   47(a)                                                                             0.5 Anisole in toluene, 70° C., 2 hrs.                                                     100 354                                                                              90.0                                                                             0.259                                       A-5                                                                      48   47(a)                                                                             0.5 Anisole in Chlorobenzene,                                                                     100 317                                                                              89.0                                                                             0.248                                       A-5  70° C., 2 hrs.                                               49   47(a)                                                                             0.5 Anisole in C.sub.2 HCl.sub.3, 70° C., 2                                                100.                                                                              366                                                                              91.4                                                                             0.240                                       A-5                                                                      50   47(a)                                                                             0.5 n-BE in Chlorobenzene, 70° C., 2 hrs.                                                  100 460                                                                              91.8                                                                             0.242                                       A-5                                                                      51   47(a)                                                                             0.5 n-BE in C.sub.2 HCl.sub.3, 70° C., 2                                                   100.                                                                              370                                                                              92.5                                                                             0.242                                       A-5                                                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Polymerization Test: Per Example 1 (C.sub.3 = bulk, 68° C., 0.5        hr., DEAC/Ti = 4 mol/mol, H.sub.2 added)                                      See footnotes of Table IV.                                               

The results of Table X show the procedures exemplified in Examples 46-51did not result in production of a titanium trichloride catalyst havinghigh overall catalytic performance for α-olefin polymerization.Catalysts prepared by these Examples were particularly lacking incatalyst activity (E) and catalyst particle properties (bulk densitymeasurements). Compare results in Table X to any of Examples of thepresent invention hereinabove, e.g., 1, 19, 20, 22 and 28. A comparisonof results of Examples 48 and 49 to those of Examples 46 and 47 alsoshow that use of either chlorobenzene, an aromatic chlorinatedhydrocarbon, or trichloroethylene, a C₂ unsaturated chlorinatedhydrocarbon, in place of toluene, an aromatic hydrocarbon, did notresult in a further improved titanium trichloride catalyst. Moreover, acomparison of the results of Examples 48 and 49 to those of 50 and 51show the use of di-n-butyl ether, an aliphatic ether, in place ofanisole, an aromatic ether, in the extraction step used did notsubstantially affect the resulting catalytic performance of the titaniumtrichloride catalysts produced.

EXAMPLES 52 AND 53

Titanium trichloride catalysts were prepared and polymerization testswere carried out by repeating Example 28, except in the activation step28(b), chlorobenzene and trichloroethylene were respectively employed inplace of hexachloroethane. The results obtained are set forth in TableXI.

                  TABLE XI                                                        ______________________________________                                        Ex.                     Cat.       HI                                         No.  R.S.   Treat       Yield E    (%)  B.D. MFR                              ______________________________________                                        52   28(a)  0.6 n-BE + 1.0                                                                            100   920  90.4 0.33 5.0                                          Chlorobenzene,                                                                80° C., 5 hrs.                                             53   28(a)  0.6 n-BE + 1.0                                                                            100   760  82.8 0.325                                                                              8.4                                          C.sub.2 HCl.sub.3                                                             80° C., 5 hrs.                                             ______________________________________                                         See footnotes of Table IV.                                               

A comparison of the results set forth in Table XI to any of thoseexemplifying the present invention (e.g., Examples 28, 1, 19, 20 and 22)confirm unexpected results obtained by activation utilizing a C₂saturated chlorinated hydrocarbon in accordance with the presentinvention. In Examples 52 and 53, activation treatment using eitherchlorobenzene or trichloroethylene in accordance with Example 28 did notresult in a titanium trichloride catalyst of comparable catalyticperformance for α-olefin polymerization. Moreover, the bulk densitymeasurements of polymer product show use of chlorobenzene ortrichloroethylene in the activation treatment step employed adverselyaffected the resulting catalyst particle properties, confirmingdifferent catalysts being produced.

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for the production of a titaniumtrichloride catalyst comprising:reducing titanium tetrachloride with anorgano metal compound of the formula R_(n) AlX_(3-n) wherein R is analkyl or aryl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom,and n is a numeral within the range of 1≦n≦3, at a temperature of fromabout -50° to about +30° C. to produce a reduced solids product;contacting said reduced solids product with a chlorinated saturatedhydrocarbon having 2 carbon atoms in the presence of a complexing agentselected from an aliphatic ether compound having 4 to 16 carbon atoms atan elevated temperature of about 60° C. to about 100° C. for about 1 toabout 10 hours; and recovering the resulting treated reduced solidsproduct as a titanium trichloride catalyst.
 2. The process of claim 1,wherein said reduced solids product is contacted with the chlorinatedhydrocarbon in a ratio of about 0.2 to about 3.0 mols chlorinatedhydrocarbon per 1 gram atom of titanium, and with said complexing agentat a ratio of about 0.1 to about 2.5 mols complexing agent per 1 gramatom of titanium.
 3. The process of claim 1, wherein the reduced solidsproduct is contacted with a mixture of the chlorinated hydrocarbon andcomplexing agent.
 4. The process of claim 1, wherein the reduced solidsproduct is first mixed with the chlorinated hydrocarbon.
 5. The processof claim 1 wherein the reduced solids product is first mixed with thecomplexing agent at an elevated temperature of about 20° to about 90° C.for about 30 minutes to about 3 hours prior to the addition of saidchlorinated hydrocarbon.
 6. The process of claim 5, wherein the reducedsolids product is separated from the complexing agent after mixturetherewith and then mixed with the chlorinated hydrocarbon.
 7. Theprocess of claim 1, wherein the complexing agent is an ether selectedfrom di-n-butyl ether, di-n-amyl ether, diisoamyl ether, or mixturesthereof.
 8. The process of claim 1, wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbonis selected from hexachloroethane, pentachloroethane, tetrachloroethane,dichloroethane, and mixtures thereof.
 9. The process of claim 8, whereinsaid chlorinated hydrocarbon is hexachloroethane.
 10. The process ofclaim 8, wherein said chlorinated hydrocarbon is pentachloroethane. 11.The process of claim 8, wherein said chlorinated hydrocarbon istetrachloroethane.
 12. The process of claim 8, wherein said chlorinatedhydrocarbon is dichloroethane.
 13. A process for producing a titaniumtrichloride catalyst comprising:(a) reducing titanium tetrachloride withan alkylaluminum chloride compound having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms at atemperature of about -50° C. to about +30° C. for about 30 minutes toabout 3 hours to produce a brown to red violet reduced solids productcontaining β-type TiCl₃ ; (b) contacting said reduced solids productwith a chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon having 2 carbon atoms in thepresence of a complexing agent selected from an aliphatic ether compoundhaving 4 to 16 carbon atoms at an elevated temperature of about 60° C.to about 100° C. for about 1 hour to about 10 hours; and (c) recoveringthe resulting treated reduced solids product formed in step (b) as saidtitanium trichloride catalyst.
 14. The process of claim 13, wherein saidalkylaluminum chloride compound contains diethyl aluminum chloride. 15.The process of claim 14, wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon is selectedfrom hexachloroethane, pentachloroethane, tetrachloroethane,dichloroethane, and mixtures thereof.
 16. The process of claim 15,wherein the complexing agent is an ether selected from the groupconsisting of di-n-butyl ether, di-n-amyl ether, diisoamyl ether, andmixtures thereof.
 17. The process of claim 16, wherein said reducedsolids product is contacted with said chlorinated hydrocarbon and saidether in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 3.0 mols chlorinatedhydrocarbon per 1 gm atom of titanium, and about 0.1 to about 2.5 molsether per 1 gm atom of titanium.
 18. The process of claim 17, whereinsaid reduced solids product is contacted with said chlorinatedhydrocarbon in the presence of said ether at an elevated temperature ofabout 65° C. to about 90° C. for about 1 to about 10 hours.
 19. Theprocess of claim 18, wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon ishexachloroethane.
 20. The process of claim 18, wherein the chlorinatedhydrocarbon is pentachloroethane.
 21. The process of claim 18, whereinthe chlorinated hydrocarbon is tetrachloroethane.
 22. The process ofclaim 18, wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon is dichloroethane.
 23. Thetitanium trichloride catalyst produced by the process of claim
 19. 24.The titanium trichloride catalyst produced by the process of claim 20.25. The titanium trichloride catalyst produced by the process of claim21.
 26. The titanium trichloride catalyst produced by the process ofclaim
 22. 27. An improved Ziegler-type catalyst composition adaptablefor use in an α-olefin polymerization, comprising:(a) an organometalcompound co-catalyst, in contact with, (b) a titanium trichloridecomposition catalyst, said titanium trichloride catalyst being producedby a process comprising:(i) reducing titanium tetrachloride with anorgano metal compound of the formula R_(n) AlX_(3-n) wherein R is analkyl or aryl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom,and n is a numeral within the range of 1≦n≦3, at a temperature of fromabout -50° to about +30° C. to produce a reduced solids product; (ii)contacting said reduced solids product with a chlorinated saturatedhydrocarbon having 2 carbon atoms in the presence of a complexing agentselected from an aliphatic ether compound having 4 to 16 carbon atoms atan elevated temperature of about 60° C. to about 100° C. for about 1 toabout 10 hours; and (iii) recovering the resulting treated reducedsolids product as a titanium trichloride catalyst.
 28. The improvedZiegler-type catalyst composition of claim 27, wherein, in said processfor producing said titanium trichloride catalyst, said reduced solidsproduct is contacted with the chlorinated hydrocarbon in a ratio ofabout 0.2 to about 3.0 mols chlorinated hydrocarbon per 1 gram atom oftitanium, and with said complexing agent at a ratio of about 0.1 toabout 2.5 mols complexing agent per 1 gram atom of titanium.
 29. Theimproved Ziegler-type catalyst composition of claim 28, wherein, in saidprocess for producing said titanium trichloride catalyst, the complexingagent is an ether selected from di-n-butyl ether, di-n-amyl ether,diisoamyl ether, or mixtures thereof.
 30. The improved Ziegler-typecatalyst composition of claim 29, wherein, in said process for producingsaid titanium trichloride catalyst, the chlorinated hydrocarbon isselected from hexachloroethane, pentachloroethane, tetrachloroethane,dichloroethane, and mixtures thereof.
 31. The improved Ziegler-typecatalyst composition of claim 30, wherein, in said process for producingsaid titanium trichloride catalysts said reduced solids product iscontacted with said chlorinated hydrocarbon in the presence of saidether at an elevated temperature of about 65° C. to about 90° C. forabout 1 to about 10 hours.
 32. The improved Ziegler-type catalystcomposition of claim 31, wherein, in said process for producing saidtitanium trichloride catalyst, said chlorinated hydrocarbon ishexachloroethane.
 33. The improved Ziegler-type catalyst composition ofclaim 31, wherein, in said process for producing said titaniumtrichloride catalyst, said chlorinated hydrocarbon is pentachloroethane.34. The improved Ziegler-type catalyst composition of claim 31, wherein,in said process for producing said titanium trichloride catalyst, saidchlorinated hydrocarbon is tetrachloroethane.
 35. The improvedZiegler-type catalyst composition of claim 31, wherein, in said processfor producing said titanium trichloride catalyst, said chlorinatedhydrocarbon is dichloroethane.
 36. The improved Ziegler-type catalystcomposition of claim 27, wherein, said organometal compound co-catalystis selected from monoalkylaluminum dichloride, dialkylaluminummonochloride, trialkylaluminum or mixtures thereof.